The Splendour of Wild Sour Plums
There are two species of Ximenia in Zimbabwe: Ximenia Americanna, the species whose oil is currently commercialised and Ximenia caffra, the fruit of which is commonly eaten.
Both species, drought resistant, thorny shrubs or small trees, are widespread across Zimbabwe, found at low altitudes in woodlands, grassy savannah and rocky outcrops.
Their sour fruits resemble plums and vary in colour from yellow to bright orange and dark red-brown. X. caffra fruits in November to March during the rains. X. americanna produces fruit all year round. Propagating the trees would increase harvesting volumes to counteract bad harvesting years, which currently make supply unreliable and is a threat to the commercialisation of the resource.
X. Caffre fruits are rich in Vitamin C, potassium and protein. They are locally consumed fresh, made into jams, jellies and drinks or added to porridge.
The seed has 60 to 70 oil content. Ximenia americanna specifications are presently used in the international cosmetic trade. The oil’s anti-aging properties probably attract the keenest interest. It has been shown to be an effective treatment for dry skin prone to aging, since it increases moisture levels, increase the function of the sebaceous tissues and improves skin elasticity. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, while the presence of active fatty acids has been shown to improve flow in the skin.
Cosmetic and personal care products with X. americana oil include skin care, bath and body, anti-aging nad hair-care products.
The main outlet for Ximenia oil is through exports. The market is relatively niche and generally of higher value. In Zimbabwe Kaza natural oils specialises in bulk natural oils, including Ximenia oil and products for skin and hair.
